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The Skeletal System
Your skeletal system contains 206 bones, which can be sorted into two main groups. These two grous are the
axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes 80 bones of the breastbone or sternum, vertebrae,
ribs, spine, and the skull. The appendicular skeleton includes the remaining 126 bones of the hips, shoulders, and upper and
lower hips.
To keep your skeletal system healthy you must do many things such as eat foods that are rich in phosphorus,
vitamin D, and calcium. Eating these foods will prevent your bones from breaking or fracturing. There are three types of fractures:
Hairline fracture, Transverse fracture, and Comminuted fracture. These are simply the states at which the bone is when it
breaks.
If you don't look after your skeletal system you can get diseases such as Osteoporosis or Scoliosis.
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The Muscular System
When you think about the muscular system, you think of the muscles on your arms and legs that performs tasks.
That would be true, but the muscular system is much more than that. If you think about your arms and legs than you are thinking
about the voluntary processes that occur. Voluntary processes are actions that happen due to your will and thought. Other
actions such as your heart beating or breathing while you sleep are involuntary actions, which mean that they happen without
you controlling them.
There are three types of muscles: the smooth muscles, the skeletal muscles, and the cardiac muscles.
Smooth muscles can be found inside internal organs such as blood vessels, your lungs, and digestive tract,
which perform involuntary tasks.
Skeletal muscles cause body movements and are attached to the bone. They mainly perform voluntary
tasks. These are the muscles that move your bones. There is the flexor, which is the muscle that closes a joint
and an extensor that is the muscle that opens a joint.
Cardiac muscles are muscles that make up the heart. These muscles perform involuntary tasks such as making
your heart pump blood. These muscles are one of the most active muscles because an average human heart pumps blood 100,000
times.
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The Nervous System
When you think of somebody who is nervous, you think about a person who does rash actions and has a bad temper.
This is because that person has an unstable nervous system. The nervous system controls every action that you do that are
both voluntary and involuntary. The nervous system contains three parts that must function together, which are the nerves,
brain, and spinal cord.
The nervous sytem consists of two divisions: the CNS (central nervous system), which includes the spinal cord
and the brain. The CNS receives messages from the nerves in the peripheral nervous sytem, reads them, and then must send
out a response. The PNS (peripheral nervous system) is what gathers information inside and outside your body and then sends
it to the CNS to read the information and decide how to respond to the situation.
These messages that the PNS sends to the CNS are sent in the form of neurons. Neurons are nerve cells that
consists of three parts: the cell body, axons, and dendrites.
The cell body of a neuron is the nucleus, which acts like a brain and controls all that the neurons do. The
nucleus also controls the production of proteins and can also repair the cell.
Dendrites are branch structures that come out from the cell body of most neurons. They receieve information
from other neurons and send it to the nucleus in the cell body.
Axons send information from the cell body to another neuron, gland, or muscle cell.
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